Amorte is correct. Those circles and squares are the first things they teach at art schools.
Here is a link with all the information you need... great (free) Andrew Loomis books for learning how to draw.
The're old books but I like them a lot.
[url="http://www.houseoftutorials.net/Zfleamarket/index.php?album=Loomis-Books"]Loomis books[/url]
Or you can download them all six at once on this page:
[url="http://www.placidchaos.com/AM/index.php?title=andrew_loomis&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1"]6 Loomis books in pdf [/url]
I use tracing to work fast but correct. It's just being lazy Just the outlines, so that I have a basic form to start from. "fast" is still 2 hours or more for an avatar. It also keeps the drawing rather fresh, without helplines.
I made a lightbox , a rectangular wooden box with a lightbulb inside, one side of the box is plexiglass. if you make one, don't let the lightbulb touch the wood!, it gets very hot. I then place a printout from a composition i made in photoshop on the lightbox , and over that a sheet of paper to draw on. Tracing is not as easy as it sounds, it's very difficult to keep the drawing spontanious, usually you can see right away when someone used this method. Vermeer and other famous painters used a camera obscura to trace. Michelangelo punctured little wholes in his drawings to tranfer them on the ceiling of the chapel.
Try to use as little lines as possible, or even just some points. keep them very light so they don't show in the finished work.
This depends on the way you like to work of course, there is a beauty and feeling in spontanious sketches you can't get this way. But if you want a more photorealistic effect this is a good way. both ways are very different from each other.
A sketch is more like the MD drawings, rather loose lines, and visible pencil strokes.
Of course, if you really want to learn how to draw, you should draw from life as often as you can.
Here are some of my sketches ...(no tracing)
[attachment=509:face_red_800.jpg][attachment=510:naakt1.jpg]
[attachment=511:Study01.jpg][attachment=512:portretman_01.jpg]
[attachment=516:1996nude.jpg][attachment=515:Charcoal.jpg]
Here are some more realistic ones... (using tracing to get accurate measurements, contour, height, width, key points..)
This one took about 50 hours..(father in law, the reason his eyes are not the same height is because of a stroke.)
I have a question about this one: It's a grayscale image, but on my new flatscreen monitor I see [b][u]yellows [/u][/b]as well, in the hair and shirt. do any of you see that as well? These new monitors are really annoying to work with graphics...
Original size : 21 x 30 cm
[attachment=513:rafael.jpg]
As you can see on this close up, the detail isn't really that high... It's putting lots of layers of shading that took most of the time. first layers with a hard pencil (light in color) then softer and more black pencils. So instead of putting more or less pressure on my pencil, I just use different hardnes of pencil to get tone.
[attachment=517:eye.jpg]
A commissioned portrait of "Ducky" (rather strange name for a dog) I'm not a big fan of poedles...
[attachment=514:DuckyVoo..._10_2006.gif]